How do we Make Waterproof/Water Repellent Clothing?

Author: Elaine Guo

Editors: Fiona Cheng, Kacey Ye, Emily Yu

Artist: Helen Gong

Waterproof clothing dates back to the 13th century, when South American natives covered their clothes with latex extracted from rubber trees, making them waterproof. European attempts to adopt this idea, however, were largely unsuccessful. The waterproof clothes were too heavy, uncomfortable, and emitted an unpleasant odor, rendering them impractical for daily use. Eventually, the development of polymer chemistry allowed people to create waterproof clothing that was lighter, more flexible, and odorless. 

Waterproof clothes are designed to prevent the penetration of water, and multiple techniques have been developed to produce waterproof fabrics. One method involves using laminates and membranes. These consist of thin layers of waterproof material such as eVent or Sympatex, which are bonded to the fabric. Those membranes are microporous—pores small enough to block water droplets from penetrating while allowing water vapor to escape. Another method is coating fabrics with substances like polyvinyl chloride, which forms a barrier on the surface. These coatings are lightweight and flexible, allowing them to be utilized for clothing and other applications. Furthermore, seam taping is occasionally incorporated to enhance the “waterproof” ability.  Although the fabric may seem impermeable, leakage through the seams is possible. Thus, waterproof tape is applied over seams to eliminate any potential accidents. This method is commonly used for waterproof jackets. Durable Water Repellent (DWR) treatment is frequently used, as it is a chemical treatment applied to the surface of fabric that causes water to bead up, just like when water gets on top of a vaseline-covered surface. Unfortunately, while it doesn’t provide full protection against water, it gives a degree of water resistance. It does wear off from time to time, so you may need to reapply it to restore the efficiency. 

Waterproof clothing offers considerable benefits. By creating a protective layer that repels liquids, it enhances the garment's fabric longevity and durability. It can be used for rain jackets, keeping the wearers dry during certain weather conditions, especially in regions with unpredictable weather and frequent rain.  

Waterproof fabrics, however, are not just limited to clothing—they provide comfort and protection across many industries. It can protect furniture and textiles by limiting water-related damage. Those fabrics have also been used for camping: tents, footwear, and sleeping bags. It has many benefits and applications, especially in the clothing industry. Waterproof clothing has been used for years, and as technology advances, the quality and efficiency will improve as well. 

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Citations:

“Fineotex Chemical Ltd.” Fineotex, 29 Jan. 2024, fineotex.com/blog-6-major-benefits-and-

applications-of-durable-water-repellent-dwr-finishes/.

“The Chemistry of Waterproof Clothing «the Chemistry of Things.” Www.aquimicadascoisas.org,

www.aquimicadascoisas.org/en/?episodio=the-chemistry-of-waterproof-clothing.

“Waterproof and Water-Resistant Fabrics: How They’re Made.” Locofast.com, 4 Apr. 2024,

locofast.com/blog/?p=1173. Accessed 26 Aug. 2025.